Solar PV – Q&A with Jonathon Wright
Welcome to our latest technology insights Q&A session, where we explore the complexities of solar project development. In this session, we had the opportunity to speak with Fichtner UK&I’s Head of Renewables, Jonathon Wright, who shares his expertise on the important factors to consider when planning new solar energy projects, the intricacies of optimising solar installations, and the challenges surrounding grid integration.
As the global focus shifts toward renewable energy, solar power increasingly stands out for its sustainability and potential for widespread adoption. However, developing a successful solar project requires careful planning and consideration of various elements, such as site selection, regulatory compliance, and technological integration.
Let’s delve into some key questions that stakeholders may have when considering the investment and development of a solar project.
Q: What are some important considerations to focus on when planning a new solar PV project in the UK?
When planning a new solar PV project in the UK, several key considerations are essential for success. The usual development pathway follows a sequence of grid capacity, land, and then consent (grid connection agreement and planning consents). Initially, substations with available capacity are identified, after which suitable nearby land is sought. This is followed by applying for a grid connection agreement and planning consent, which are hopefully subsequently granted.
Each phase presents its own unique challenges. Once suitable grid capacity has been identified, nearby land is sought. Site suitability and constructability are influenced by factors such as irradiance levels, topography, existing road infrastructure for construction traffic, both near and far shading, and their effects on annual output, as well as the underlying ground conditions where the project will be built.
Securing a grid connection is another essential step that can be subject to planned network reinforcement, curtailment with a non-firm connection, and active network management – particularly if network reinforcement is required.
Successful achievement of planning consent requires proactive engagement with local stakeholders, consideration of biodiversity net gain, and environmental impact assessments. It is essential to safeguard Best and Most Versatile (BMV) land while developing projects on brownfield sites, contaminated areas, industrial land, and lower-quality agricultural land to ensure the UK’s food security is not compromised.
By carefully considering these factors, solar energy projects can be successfully implemented in the UK and Ireland, contributing to our renewable energy goals while respecting local communities and the environment.
Q: How does Fichtner optimise the design of solar installations to maximise energy output and efficiency?
The accuracy of energy yield assessment outputs heavily relies on the quality of the irradiance data used as an input. At Fichtner, we use SolarGIS TMY, a highly accurate and bankable irradiance database. Once we have the site-specific irradiance dataset, we utilise a combination of PVCase and PVsyst—two leading software packages in the market—to accurately model and optimise solar projects.
We begin by modelling all known site constraints, including those imposed by the grid connection offer and the planning consent, and the topography within PVCase, considering required stand-off distances from infrastructure and/or nearby shading objects. Once the site setup is complete, depending on our client’s design philosophy, we will then optimise the site capacity and/or annual production based on several variables:
Module tilt; module orientation; row spacing; DC:AC ratio; and technology selection (i.e. choice of modules, string versus central inverters, fixed versus trackers).
Once the site layout has been established in PVcase, depending on the number of optimisation iterations to be run, we either utilise PVCase Yield to compare multiple cases quickly, or move straight to the next step: modelling within PVsyst.
Within PVsyst, the chosen system and associated layout are imported, and our standard loss assumptions are considered, in lieu of any project specific detail, depending on the project stage. Following this, the simulation(s) is processed, and the results shared with the client for input to its financial model.
Q: What recommendations would you make integrating solar project with energy storage systems?
Firstly, it’s crucial to understand the local network requirements and clearly define the use case or business model right from the outset; peak shaving, weak grid islanding, black start, or a shared grid connection with separate installations. The resultant technology selection is vital, as are the layout considerations depending on the route to market.
Q: How can we ensure compliance with current regulations and policies affecting solar project development?
We need to consider local and national planning policies, while also actively evaluating any policy changes, such as shifts in government and the recent adjustment for DCO projects over 100MW. Additionally, we should understand renewable incentives, engage with authorities, Distribution Network Operators (DNOs) or Transmission Network Operators (TNOs), stakeholders—including the local fire service, especially for co-located sites—and potential insurers early in the planning process. Incorporating these insights will be crucial for the design and implementation stages.
Q: What are the challenges associated with grid integration for solar energy projects, and how can we address them?
1. Intermittency of power generation
- Energy Storage Systems: Deploy batteries or other storage technologies to store excess solar energy for use during low-production periods.
- Grid Flexibility: Invest in flexible grid infrastructure capable of handling variable inputs.
- Hybrid Systems: Combine solar with other renewable or conventional energy sources for a more stable supply.
2. Grid infrastructure limitations and curtailment
- Demand Response Programs: Encourage energy use during peak production through time-of-use pricing or other incentives.
- Energy Export: Develop transmission infrastructure to export surplus energy to neighbouring grids or regions.
- Smart Inverters: Use inverters capable of adjusting energy output based on grid needs.
- Modernization: Upgrade transmission and distribution networks to accommodate higher solar penetration.
- Microgrids: Develop localized microgrids to integrate solar energy in remote or underserved areas.
- Energy Management Systems: Use smart grids and digital technologies to optimize energy flow and reduce strain on infrastructure.
3. Voltage and frequency fluctuations
- Advanced Inverters: Install inverters with voltage regulation and frequency response capabilities.
- Grid Reinforcement: Upgrade grid components to handle fluctuating inputs and maintain stability.
- Dynamic Reactive Power Support: Use technologies like synchronous condensers to stabilize voltage and frequency.
4. Cyber security risks
- Robust Cybersecurity Measures: Implement secure communication protocols and software for grid and solar system management.
- Regular Audits: Conduct security assessments and vulnerability tests to safeguard systems.
- Redundancy: Build redundant systems to ensure grid resilience against cyberattacks.
Our Renewable Energy team have a comprehensive track record of successfully supporting renewable energy initiatives, including solar, wind, hydropower and energy storage technologies.
Find out more about the services we provide here.
